Nutrition and cancer

What is cancer-related muscle loss?

Muscle loss is a reduction in the overall amount of muscle in your body. This can lead to low muscle mass, which means the amount of muscle in your body is lower than average for your age and gender.

Reasons why cancer and its treatment can cause muscle loss:2

tick

Eating less than usual due to symptoms from cancer treatment such as loss of appetite or nausea

tick

Reduced physical activity levels

tick

Increased energy usage by the body

tick

Increased inflammation in the body

Cancer-related muscle loss.

Signs of muscle loss

General weakness 

Difficulty doing day‑to‑day activities 

Noticeable reduction in the muscle on your arms or legs

It is important to recognise and treat muscle loss early.3 This is because protecting and preserving muscle is more effective than rebuilding it after significant muscle loss has already happened.

Ways to protect and preserve your muscle

Exercise

Exercise can help preserve and improve muscle mass. Strength training (exercise that makes your muscles work harder) will help you most in preventing muscle loss.3

Get enough protein

Protein is the building block of muscles. Aim for at least one protein-rich food at each meal and snack. 

Get enough energy

(kilojoules or calories)

Carbohydrate-based foods, as well as fats and oils, are a good source of energy.

Ensure Resources

Food for Special Medical Purposes. Use only under medical supervision.

Be aware of the signs of muscle loss and speak with your healthcare professional if you are concerned or suspect you may be experiencing muscle loss.

References: 1. Cancer Council Australia. Nutrition for People Living with Cancer. 2. Arends J, et al. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(5):1187–1196. 3. Kiss N, et al. Nutr Diet. 2020;77(4):416–425.

ANZ.2023.39812.ENS.1 (v1.0).